The brothers John and Paul were Roman officers in the service of Constantia, the daughter of Constantine the Great. They were were martyred by Julian the Apostate in 362 AD after he failed to persuade them to worship pagan gods. They were beheaded in their own house during the night and were secretly buried there. Later, another group of martyrs, Terentianus, Crispus, Crispinianus and Benedicta were buried beside them. In 392 a great Basilica was built on the Caelian Hill over the site of their house and burial place. Saints John and Paul are specifically commemorated in the Canon of the Mass.
Dom Prosper Gueranger:
Amid the numerous sanctuaries which adorn the capital of the Christian universe, the Church of Saints John and Paul has remained from the early date of its origin one of the chief centres of Roman piety. From the summit of the Coelian Hill it towers over the Colosseum, the dependances of which stretch subterraneously even as far as the cellarage of the house once inhabited by our Saints. They, the last of the Martyrs, completed the glorious crown offered to Christ by Rome, the chosen seat of His power. The conflict in which their blood was spilt consummated the triumph whose hour was sounded under Constantine, but which an offensive retaliation on the part of Hell, seemed about to compromise. No attack could be conceived more odious for the Church than that devised by the apostate Caesar. Nero and Diocletian had violently and with hatred declared against the Incarnate God a war of sword and torture, and without recrimination. Christians by thousands had died, knowing that the testimony thus demanded was merely the order of things, just as it had been in the case of their august Head (1 Timothy vi. 13) before a Pontius Pilate, and upon the Cross. But with the clever astuteness of a traitor, and the affected disdain of a false philosopher, Julian purposed to stifle Christianity amid the bulrushes of an oppression progressive to a nicety, and respectfully abhorrent of human blood: merely to preclude Christians from public offices, and to prohibit them from holding chairs for the teaching of youth, that was all the apostate aimed at! However, the blood which he wanted to avoid shedding, must flow, even though a hypocrite’s hands be dyed with it, for according to the divine plan, bloodshed alone can bring extreme situations to an issue, and never was Holy Church menaced with greater peril: fain would they now make a slave of her whom they had beheld still holding her royal liberty in face of executioners — fain would they now await the moment when, once enslaved, she would at last disappear of herself, in powerlessness and degradation.
For this reason the bishops of that time found vent for their indignant soul in accents such as their predecessors had spared to princes whose brute violence was then inundating the empire with Christian blood. They now retorted upon the tyrant, scorn for scorn. And the manifestations of contempt that consequently came showering in from every quarter upon the crowned fool completely unmasked at last his feigned moderation: Julian was now shown up as nothing but a common persecutor of the usual kind — blood flowed, the Church was rescued. Thus is explained the gratitude which this noble Bride of the Son of God has never ceased to manifest to these glorious Martyrs we are celebrating today: for amid the many generous Christians whose out-spoken indignation brought about the solution of this terrible crisis, none are more illustrious than they. Julian was most anxious to count them among his confidants: with this view, he made use of every entreaty, as we learn from the Breviary Lessons. Nor does it appear that he even made the renouncing of Jesus Christ a condition. Well then, it may be retorted, why not yield to the Imperial whim? Could they not do so without wounding their conscience? Surely too much stiffness would be the rather calculated to ill-dispose the prince, perhaps even fatally. Whereas to listen to him would very likely have a soothing effect on him, possibly even bring him round to relax somewhat of those administrative trammels unfortunately imposed on the Church by his prejudiced government. Yes, for anything one knew, the possible conversion of his soul, the return of so many of the misled who had followed him in his fall, might be the result! Should not such things as these deserve some consideration, should they not impose, as a duty, some gentle handling? Yes, such reasoning as this would doubtless appear to some as wise policy: such preoccupation for the apostate’s salvation could easily have had nothing in it but what was inspired by zeal for the Church and for souls. And indeed the most exacting casuist could not find it a crime for John and Paul to dwell in a court where nothing was demanded of them contrary to the divine precepts.
Nevertheless the two brothers resolved otherwise. To the course of soothing and reserve making, they preferred that of the frank expression of their sentiments, and this bold out- speaking of theirs put the tyrant in a fury and brought about their death. The Church has judged their case, and she has found them not in the wrong. Hence it is unlikely that the former path would have led them to a like degree of sanctity in God’s sight. The names of John and Paul inscribed on the sacred diptychs show well enough their credit in the eyes of the Divine Victim, who never offers Himself to the God Thrice-Holy without blending their memory with that of His own immolation. The enthusiasm excited by the noble attitude of these two valiant witnesses to the Lord still re-echoes in the Antiphons and Responsories proper to the feast. It was formerly preceded by a Vigil and fast. Together with the sanctuary which encloses their tomb, it may be said to date as far back as the very morrow of their martyrdom. Granted by a singular privilege a place in the Leonian Sacramentary, while so many other martyrs slept their sleep of peace outside the walls of the Holy City, John and Paul reposed in Rome itself, the definitive conquest of which had been won for the God of armies by their gallant combat.
That very same day of the year immediately succeeding their victorious death, Julian fell dead, uttering against Heaven his cry of rage: “Galilean, you have conquered!” From the Queen City of the universe, their renown, passing beyond the mountains, shone forth almost as soon and with nearly equal splendour in the Gauls. Returned from the scene of his own struggle in the cause of the Divinity of Jesus Christ, Hilary of Poitiers at once propagated their cultus. This great Bishop was called to our Lord, scarcely five years after their martyrdom, but he had already found time to consecrate to their name the church in which his loving hands had laid his sweet daughter Abra and her mother, awaiting the hour when he too should be joined to them in the same spot, expecting the day of the Resurrection. It was from this very church of Saints John and Paul, called later on Saint Hilary the Great’s, that Clovis on the eve of the battle of Vouille beheld streaming towards him that mysterious light, presage of the victory which would result in the expulsion of Arianism from the Gauls, and in the foundation of monarchical unity. These holy Martyrs continued in after years to show the interest they took in the advancement of the kingdom of God by the Franks. When the disastrous issue of the second Crusade was filling the soul of Saint Bernard with bitterness, for he had preached it, they appeared to him, upraised his courage, and manifested by what secrets the King of Heaven had known how to draw His own glory out of events in which man saw only failure and disaster.
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TWO-FOLD is the triumph that thrills through Heaven and two-fold the gladness re-echoed on Earth this day, while your out-poured blood proclaims the victory of the Son of God! Verily, by the martyrdom of the Faithful does Christ triumph. The effusion of His own Blood marked the defeat of the prince of this world. The Blood of His mystical members possesses, alone and always, the power of establishing His reign. Contest has never been an evil for the Church Militant: the noble Bride of the God of armies delights in combat, for she knows right well that her Spouse came on Earth to bring not peace, but the sword. Therefore, to the end of time, will she hold up as an example to her sons, your chivalrous courage and your bold frankness, which scorned to dissimulate your utter contempt for an apostate tyrant, or to suffer you to dwell for a moment on such considerations, as might perhaps, had you listened to him at the first, have just saved your conscience, together with life. Woe to the day on which the deceptive mirage of guileful peace misleads minds, in which merely because sin, properly so called, does not stare them in the face, Christian souls stoop from the lofty stand-point of their Baptism to compromises which even a pagan world would scout. Glorious Brethren, make the children of holy Church to turn aside from that fatal error which would lead them to misconceptions of sacred traditions received by them in heritage. Maintain the “Sons of God” at the full height of those noble sentiments demanded by their heavenly origin, by the throne that awaits them, by the divine Blood they daily drink of. Far from them be all such base-born notions, such vulgarity, as would be calculated to excite against their heavenly Father the blasphemies of the “accursed city.”
Nowadays there has arisen a persecution not dissimilar to that in which you gained the crown. Julian’s plan of action is once more in vogue. If these mimics of the apostate equal him not in intelligence, they at least surpass him in hatred and hypocrisy. But God is not wanting to His Church now, any more than He was then. Obtain for us the grace to do our part in resistance, as was done by you, and the victory will be the same. Your very names, John and Paul, remind us of the Friend of the Bridegroom whose Octave is speeding its course, and of that Paul of the Cross who revived heroism of sanctity in your very house on Monte Coelio. Vouchsafe to unite your protection, powerful as indeed it is, to that which the Precursor exercises over the Mother and Mistress of all Churches, become by the very fact of her primacy the chief butt of the enemies’ attack. Uphold the new militia raised by the necessity of the times, and which is entrusted with the guardianship both of your sacred remains and of those of its glorious Founder. Remembering the power which the Church specially attributes to you, namely, that of opening or shutting the flood-gates of Heaven, be pleased to bless our harvest well near ripe for the sickle: be propitious to our reapers and assuage their painful labour. Preserve from lightning, man and his possessions, the home that shelters him, the beasts that serve him. Too often, alas, ungrateful and forgetful man would indeed deserve to incur your wrath, but prove yourselves children of Him who makes His sun to rise upon the wicked as well as upon the good, and gives His rain to fall alike upon the just and upon sinners (Matthew v. 45).Also on this day according to the ROMAN MARTYROLOGY:
At Trent, St. Vigilius, bishop, who, while he endeavoured to root out the remains of idolatry, was overwhelmed with a shower of stones by cruel and barbarous men, and thus endured martyrdom for the name of Christ.
At Cordova in Spain, under the Saracen king Abderahman, the birthday of St. Pelagius, a young man who gloriously consummated his martyrdom for the faith by having his flesh torn to pieces with iron pincers.
At Valenciennes, the holy martyrs Salvius, bishop of Angouleme, and Superius.
Also the comemmoration of St. Anthelmus, bishop of Belley.
In Poitou, St. Maxentius, priest and confessor, renowned for miracles.
At Thessalonica, St. David, hermit.
The same day, St. Perseveranda, virgin.
And in other places, many other holy martyrs, confessors and virgins.
Thanks be to God.
Thanks be to God.
